John Harrison: a genius of the 18th century | physicsgg
HOME RADIO ASTRONOMY ASTROPHYSICS Astronomy Astrobiology NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS Supernova EXOPLANITES Extraterrestrial life QUANTUM COSMOLOGY UNIVERSE RELATIVITY THEORY BLACK HOLES dark matter dark energy elementary particles PERSONAL HIGGS PHYSICS NUCLEAR PHYSICS QUANTUM THEORY OF QUANTUM THEORY north shore lij ess MATHEMATICS SPACE ROBOT TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER ENGINEERING PHYSICS physicsforme.com TALANTOSEIS GRAVITY ELECTROMAGNETISM THERMODYNAMIC THEORY QUANTUM METEOROLOGY CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY north shore lij ess GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS VINTEOPEIRAMA MEDICAL TRAINING PHILOSOPHY PSYCHOLOGY PHOTO HISTORY HUMOR CINEMA LITERATURE MUSIC physicsforme For Me
O John Harrison (1693 - 1776) grew up in a village in Barrow, a dormant rural village where nothing ever happened, and life had not changed at all since the time of Shakespeare. Followed north shore lij ess the occupation of carpenter, after he studied from an early age by the equally carpenter father. By itself, at age 20 he had learned north shore lij ess to manufacture watches and already considered an expert watchmaker.
In 1720, Sir Charles Pelham, wealthy landowner in the region, commissioned Harrison to build a watch tower. north shore lij ess The Harrison had ever built until then analog watch, but knew the problems of such a structure, such as rusting, freezing winter oils, dust etc.
However the Harrison built the clock tower of kylisiotriveis gouagiako - a heavy and hard tropical wood, which secretes its own lubricant. This watch although completed in 1722 and is still used today without needing lubrication. At the age of 30 and something had built with the help of his younger brother, two pendulum clocks north shore lij ess were not equal to them throughout Europe.
Let's look at the amendments made by John Harrison in the design and operation of the pendulum. Already at that time it was widely known that pendulum clocks adversely north shore lij ess affected by changes in temperature, and that for this liability pendulum itself - the metal rod with a lead sinker in the butt. The time swinging of a pendulum north shore lij ess - the period of - depends on the length north shore lij ess of the (...)
However, because north shore lij ess the metals are affected by temperature changes, the length of the metal rod never remain stable and fixed. With the summer heat, the metal expands - and the elongated rod. In winter the opposite north shore lij ess is true - the metal shrinks due to temperature decrease and shorten the rod. These changes are very small, but it is likely to make a clock pendulum anticipates winter and then the summer. All these knew watchmakers. What they did not know was how to remedy the situation.
The solution devised by John Harrison north shore lij ess based on a series of experiments described in a manuscript in 1730. Knew that different metals expand or contract slightly different 'rhythms' - have, as we say, different coefficients of expansion. If managed to construct a pendulum consisting of two kinds of metal rods, which will rotate slightly, and linked to each other, then the contraction of a metal would offset the contraction of the other. But what metals should be used?
To find the answer, constructed the "toilet" - a kind of a warehouse on the outside wall of the house, the Sun noon did "to boil". The bars were stored in the warehouse, so the expansion coefficients could be measured and compared in both the cold of the night and the heat of the day. He sought two metals with significantly different rates when compared sequentially steel iron, brass, north shore lij ess silver and copper. Ultimately, he concluded in conjunction with steel brass. So built the "grating pendulum" as he called it, which consisted of nine thin steel rods and brass alternately. The grating pendulum proved so successful, that a variant form is used even nowadays, in central heating installations, toasters, electric irons and kettles.
The observation of John Harison, that different metals have different coefficients of expansion, is the very surprising fact. Much more amazing, though, was what followed: firstly, that it was able to find a way to measure these rates secondly, that made these measurements accurately third, was able to use the knowledge gained from these measurements. It was basically a kind of experimental metallurgy or rather solid state physics. north shore lij ess However, for the time he lived John Harrison, his exploits north shore lij ess beyond words.
Several other inventions, which incorporated the new watches t
HOME RADIO ASTRONOMY ASTROPHYSICS Astronomy Astrobiology NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS Supernova EXOPLANITES Extraterrestrial life QUANTUM COSMOLOGY UNIVERSE RELATIVITY THEORY BLACK HOLES dark matter dark energy elementary particles PERSONAL HIGGS PHYSICS NUCLEAR PHYSICS QUANTUM THEORY OF QUANTUM THEORY north shore lij ess MATHEMATICS SPACE ROBOT TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER ENGINEERING PHYSICS physicsforme.com TALANTOSEIS GRAVITY ELECTROMAGNETISM THERMODYNAMIC THEORY QUANTUM METEOROLOGY CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY north shore lij ess GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS VINTEOPEIRAMA MEDICAL TRAINING PHILOSOPHY PSYCHOLOGY PHOTO HISTORY HUMOR CINEMA LITERATURE MUSIC physicsforme For Me
O John Harrison (1693 - 1776) grew up in a village in Barrow, a dormant rural village where nothing ever happened, and life had not changed at all since the time of Shakespeare. Followed north shore lij ess the occupation of carpenter, after he studied from an early age by the equally carpenter father. By itself, at age 20 he had learned north shore lij ess to manufacture watches and already considered an expert watchmaker.
In 1720, Sir Charles Pelham, wealthy landowner in the region, commissioned Harrison to build a watch tower. north shore lij ess The Harrison had ever built until then analog watch, but knew the problems of such a structure, such as rusting, freezing winter oils, dust etc.
However the Harrison built the clock tower of kylisiotriveis gouagiako - a heavy and hard tropical wood, which secretes its own lubricant. This watch although completed in 1722 and is still used today without needing lubrication. At the age of 30 and something had built with the help of his younger brother, two pendulum clocks north shore lij ess were not equal to them throughout Europe.
Let's look at the amendments made by John Harrison in the design and operation of the pendulum. Already at that time it was widely known that pendulum clocks adversely north shore lij ess affected by changes in temperature, and that for this liability pendulum itself - the metal rod with a lead sinker in the butt. The time swinging of a pendulum north shore lij ess - the period of - depends on the length north shore lij ess of the (...)
However, because north shore lij ess the metals are affected by temperature changes, the length of the metal rod never remain stable and fixed. With the summer heat, the metal expands - and the elongated rod. In winter the opposite north shore lij ess is true - the metal shrinks due to temperature decrease and shorten the rod. These changes are very small, but it is likely to make a clock pendulum anticipates winter and then the summer. All these knew watchmakers. What they did not know was how to remedy the situation.
The solution devised by John Harrison north shore lij ess based on a series of experiments described in a manuscript in 1730. Knew that different metals expand or contract slightly different 'rhythms' - have, as we say, different coefficients of expansion. If managed to construct a pendulum consisting of two kinds of metal rods, which will rotate slightly, and linked to each other, then the contraction of a metal would offset the contraction of the other. But what metals should be used?
To find the answer, constructed the "toilet" - a kind of a warehouse on the outside wall of the house, the Sun noon did "to boil". The bars were stored in the warehouse, so the expansion coefficients could be measured and compared in both the cold of the night and the heat of the day. He sought two metals with significantly different rates when compared sequentially steel iron, brass, north shore lij ess silver and copper. Ultimately, he concluded in conjunction with steel brass. So built the "grating pendulum" as he called it, which consisted of nine thin steel rods and brass alternately. The grating pendulum proved so successful, that a variant form is used even nowadays, in central heating installations, toasters, electric irons and kettles.
The observation of John Harison, that different metals have different coefficients of expansion, is the very surprising fact. Much more amazing, though, was what followed: firstly, that it was able to find a way to measure these rates secondly, that made these measurements accurately third, was able to use the knowledge gained from these measurements. It was basically a kind of experimental metallurgy or rather solid state physics. north shore lij ess However, for the time he lived John Harrison, his exploits north shore lij ess beyond words.
Several other inventions, which incorporated the new watches t
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